Back
Feb 18, 2010

User profiles with inheritance in Django

Usually users' profiles are stored in single model. When there are multiple user types, separation is made by some field like user_type.

Situation is a little more complicated when different data is needed for each user type.

Of course it's better when all users have same type and are granted different permissions. But since we got task to have separate user types - we'll have to solve it.

Simple solution

The most obvious solution is to make base profile with type identifier, which will pull needed model instance:

request.user.get_profile().get_final_profile()

But I don't really like this solution. Firstly, get_final_profile method is basically a big switch-case. Secondly - we must not forget to call extra method.

I wanted to simply write request.user.profile ans get needed profile instance. This is possible by combining two known tricks - Upcast and AutoOneToOneField.

Upcast

Allows to get sublass instance from base class instance.

AutoOneToOneField

Allows creating related objects on request. This field is not needed per se, only idea. Taking AutoOneToOneField as a base, it's easy to create a new one that calls upcast when related objects is requested.

Solution

class UpCastModel(models.Model):
    """
    Base class for models that are ment to be inherited.
    Introduces upcast method that returns child instance.
    """
    final_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, editable=False)

    def save(self, args, **kwargs):
        if not self.pk:
            self.final_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(type(self))
        super(UpCastModel, self).save(args, **kwargs)

    def upcast(self):
        if not hasattr(self, '_upcast'):
            if self.final_type.model_class == self.class:
                self._upcast = self
            else:
                self._upcast = self.final_type.get_object_for_this_type(id=self.pk)
        return self._upcast

    class Meta:
        abstract = True


class UpCastSingleRelatedObjectDescriptor(SingleRelatedObjectDescriptor):

    def get(self, instance, instance_type=None):
        parent = super(
            UpCastSingleRelatedObjectDescriptor, self
        ).get(instance, instance_type)
        return parent.upcast()


class UpCastOneToOneField(models.OneToOneField):
    """
    UpCastOneToOneField gets child of related object.
    """
    def contribute_to_related_class(self, cls, related):
        setattr(
            cls, related.get_accessor_name(),
            UpCastSingleRelatedObjectDescriptor(related)
        )

Now profile looks like this:

class BaseProfile(UpcastModel):
    user = UpCastOneToOneField(User)


class BoyProfile(BaseProfile):
    pass


class GirlProfile(CitizenProfile):
    pass

In order to get users, profile, we just need to write requst.user.profile.

Subscribe for the news and updates

More thoughts
Mar 26, 2025Technology
Common Mistakes and Recommendations for Test Cases

The article highlights common test case mistakes, offers ways to fix them, and provides practical tips to improve and optimize test cases.

Feb 3, 2025Technology
Figma for Developers: What Dev Mode Offers and How to Use It

This article explores Figma’s Dev Mode, a tool that streamlines design-to-code translation by enabling precise inspection, automated code generation, and seamless integration with design systems.

Dec 8, 2022Technology
How to create a route finder on an SVG map

In one of our recent projects, we had an interesting case: the whole application was built around an interactive map for a fairly large shopping mall, and the main goal of the system was to plot the closest route to a user-selected destination.

Aug 27, 2020Technology
5 tips for designing database architecture

Designing database architecture is a challenging task, and it gets even more difficult when your app keeps getting bigger. Here are several tips on how to manage your data structure in a more efficient way.

Jun 14, 2017Technology
How to Deploy a Django Application on Heroku?

In this article I'll show you how to deploy Django with Celery and Postgres to Heroku.

Oct 3, 2016Technology
How to include JQuery plugins in Angular 2 running via webpack

Learn more about how to include jquery plugins in angular 2 running via webpack. Our tutorial is perfect for Angular beginners.